Contents:

Introduction
1. Models of the Relationship between the EC/EU, the Member States and Individuals
2. The Historical and Institutional Background
3. Protection of the Rights of Individuals

• The Member State model
• The European Citizen model

4. ‘Internal’ Status of Human Rights within the EC/EU’s Legal Order Problematised

• Does the present judicial architecture provide effective legal remedies?
• Future protection of rights – organisational questions
• A glance at the future

5. Connecting ‘Internal’ and ‘External’ Dimensions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights
Conclusions
References